目前常用的換熱器種類有浮頭式、固定管板式和U形管式，其中以浮頭式換熱器居多。

固定管板式換熱器由于自身結構，應用的場合有限，浮頭式換熱器零部件多，易拆卸和清理，但檢修的工作量大，容易內漏，而U型管式換熱器的管板比固定管板式換熱器少，其泄漏點就相應減少。

此外，U型管式換熱器的殼程水壓試驗后烘干也比較容易，而且它的適用場合廣、檢修簡單、操作彈性好。

U型管式換熱器管程每根鋼管都彎成U形，鋼管的兩端分別安裝在同一固定管板的同側。并用隔板將封頭隔成兩室，每根管子都可以自動收縮。

與其它管子和外殼無關，即使殼體與管子間溫差很大時也使用。實際生產中循環水冷卻高溫氣體便常用U型管式換熱器，換熱器列管腐蝕或泄漏后可只換芯子，不宜清洗。

U型換熱器屬于列管換熱器的一種，換熱器的工作原理都是熱量從高溫端傳遞至低溫端。

換熱器廣泛應用于汽車、航空、石油化工、動力、醫藥、冶金、制冷、輕工、食品、工程機械等行業的一種通用設備，約占工藝設備總量的20%~70%。按其傳熱面的形狀和結構進行分類可分為管型、板型和其他形式換熱器。

At present, the types of heat exchangers commonly used include floating head type, fixed tubesheet type and U-shaped tube type, most of which are floating head type heat exchangers.

Due to its own structure, the application occasions of fixed tubesheet heat exchanger are limited. There are many parts of floating head heat exchanger, which is easy to disassemble and clean, but the maintenance workload is large and easy to internal leakage. However, the tubesheet of U-shaped tubesheet heat exchanger is less than that of fixed tubesheet heat exchanger, and its leakage points are reduced accordingly.

In addition, the U-tube heat exchanger is easy to dry after the shell side hydrostatic test, and it has a wide range of applications, simple maintenance and good operation flexibility.

Each steel pipe on the tube side of the U-shaped tubular heat exchanger is bent into a U shape, and both ends of the steel pipe are respectively installed on the same side of the same fixed tubesheet. The head is separated into two chambers by a diaphragm, and each pipe can shrink automatically.

It has nothing to do with other pipes and shells. It can be used even when the temperature difference between shell and pipe is very large. In actual production, U-tube heat exchanger is often used to cool high-temperature gas with circulating water. After corrosion or leakage of heat exchanger tubes, only the core can be changed and should not be cleaned.

U-shaped heat exchanger is a kind of tube heat exchanger. The working principle of heat exchanger is to transfer heat from high temperature end to low temperature end.

Heat exchanger is widely used in automobile, aviation, petrochemical, power, medicine, metallurgy, refrigeration, light industry, food, engineering machinery and other industries, accounting for about 20% ~ 70% of the total process equipment. According to the shape and structure of its heat transfer surface, it can be divided into tube type, plate type and other forms of heat exchangers.